Building urban resilience with nature-based solutions: How can urban planning contribute?

Cities face increasing environmental, social and economic challenges that together threaten the resilience of urban areas and the residents who live and work there. These challenges include chronic stresses and acute shocks, amplified by climate change impacts. Nature-based solutions have emerged as a concept for integrating ecosystem-based approaches to address a range of societal challenges. Nature-based solutions directly address and contribute to increased urban resilience. However, implementing nature-based solutions is inherently complex, given the range of ecosystem services, their multi-functionality and the trade-offs between functions, and across temporal and spatial scales. Urban planning can play a substantial role to support the implementation of nature-based solutions and to manage trade-offs and conflicts, as well as how social equity dimensions are considered. This paper presents a framework that guides the application of urban planning to nature-based solutions’ implementation, by addressing key trade-offs across temporal, spatial, functional and social equity aspects. The framework highlights the key questions, and the supporting information required to address these questions, to underpin the inclusion of nature-based solutions for urban resilience. We find that while urban planning can contribute substantially, there are continuing gaps in how the inherently anthropocentric urban planning processes can give voice to non-human nature.     

iRSpot-TNCPseAAC: Identify Recombination Spots with Trinucleotide Composition and Pseudo Amino Acid Components

Meiosis and recombination are the two opposite aspects that coexist in a DNA system. As a driving force for evolution by generating natural genetic variations, meiotic recombination plays a very important role in the formation of eggs and sperm. Interestingly, the recombination does not occur randomly across a genome, but with higher probability in some genomic regions called “hotspots”, while with lower probability in so-called “coldspots”. With the ever-increasing amount of genome sequence data in the postgenomic era, computational methods for effectively identifying the hotspots and coldspots have become urgent as they can timely provide us with useful insights into the mechanism of meiotic recombination and the process of genome evolution as well. To meet the need, we developed a new predictor called “iRSpot-TNCPseAAC”, in which a DNA sample was formulated by combining its trinucleotide composition (TNC) and the pseudo amino acid components (PseAAC) of the protein translated from the DNA sample according to its genetic codes. The former was used to incorporate its local or short-rage sequence order information; while the latter, its global and long-range one. Compared with the best existing predictor in this area, iRSpot-TNCPseAAC achieved higher rates in accuracy, Mathew’s correlation coefficient, and sensitivity, indicating that the new predictor may become a useful tool for identifying the recombination hotspots and coldspots, or, at least, become a complementary tool to the existing methods. It has not escaped our notice that the aforementioned novel approach to incorporate the DNA sequence order information into a discrete model may also be used for many other genome analysis problems. The web-server for iRSpot-TNCPseAAC is available at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/iRSpot-TNCPseAAC. Furthermore, for the convenience of the vast majority of experimental scientists, a step-by-step guide is provided on how to use the current web server to obtain their desired result without the need to follow the complicated mathematical equations.     

红松松子壳多糖的单糖组成及结构初步分析

采用膜分离技术对红松松子壳热水提取物进行分离纯化,经脱蛋白、脱色后得到总多糖PPSPⅠ-b,通过DEAE-52离子交换纤维素柱层析分离得到纯化组分PPSPⅠ-1,采用气相色谱和红外光谱分析了多糖样品的单糖组成及结构特征。气相色谱分析表明:PPSPⅠ-b主要由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,其物质的量比为3.40∶1.40∶0.79∶7.82∶10.67∶18.35;PPSPⅠ-1主要由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,其物质的量比为0.96∶2.30∶2.97∶10.60∶6.91。红外光谱分析表明,PPSPⅠ-1具有多糖的特征吸收峰。     

城市滨水空间生态系统服务供需匹配的空间智慧

当前生态系统服务空间性研究大多在区域或城市尺度上开展,风景园林生态实践的指导性较为有限,研究聚焦场地尺度,旨在从生态系统服务供需视角看待城市滨水空间的发展与规划设计实践。在已有生态系统服务供需方面文献爬梳的基础上,提出影响需求的三大因素及其需求类型的划分方法,甄别影响城市滨水空间生态系统服务供给能力的核心指标,选取上海苏州河市区段进行实证研究,采取田野调查法、文献研究法,并基于GIS进行需求目标与供给能力的空间制图。通过拟合分析比对创新性地提出指导城市滨水空间生态实践的三大空间智慧:1)基于需求目标研判制定发展策略的空间智慧;2)分段分类型供给满足存量更新需求的空间智慧;3)生态系统服务供需平衡转向匹配的空间智慧,为城市滨水空间的生态实践提出理论依据、评价标准及技术支撑。     

近 20 年国外系统保护规划研究进展及启示

运用系统保护规划（SCP）的方法建立保护地（protected area）对生物多样性资源及其所提供的生态系统服务价值具有重要保护作用。笔者归纳总结了自 19 世纪 80 年代以来系统保护规划思想产生和发展的历程,随后基于近 20 年来系统保护规划相关文献,梳理得到现阶段影响保护规划最为核心的两大背景—气候变化及生态系统服务,此背景对系统保护规划六步法关键步骤的研究动态产生深刻影响,并推动了新的研究进展的产生,其中涵盖了规划理念更新、保护目标多元化、数据及模型算法拓展、管理框架变更。笔者结合中国的自然保护地规划背景和相关实践,从关键内容、监测评估、实施管理 3 个方面提出未来的研究方向,以期通过借鉴国际上保护规划的方法、工具、经验对完善中国的保护地体系构建的实践提供参考。     

土体热传导性能及其热导率模型研究

为研究不同土体的热传导特性变化规律,利用热探针测试了南京地区典型土体在不同含水量和干密度状态下的热阻系数,分析了含水量、干密度、饱和度以及矿物成分等因素对土体热阻系数的影响,研究了不同状态下土体热导率的预测模型,提出了适用于不同地区土体热阻系数估算的修正系数.结果表明:南京地区典型土体的热阻系数随含水量和干密度增加而减小,当含水量超过一定范围后,热阻系数趋于稳定;热阻系数与饱和度之间的关系表现出与其含水量之间相似的变化规律;土颗粒的热传导特性由其矿物成分决定,石英含量对土颗粒热传导特性有着显著影响;提出了可用于非饱和土热导率估算的修正归一化模型,该模型对于粗粒土具有较高的预测精度,细粒土则需考虑区域差别进行修正.     

微弧氧化增强镁合金钼酸盐转化膜层的制备

目的提高钼酸盐转化膜的耐腐蚀性能,制备微弧氧化增强的钼酸盐膜层。方法采用化学转化法和微弧氧化法在AZ91D镁合金表面制备钼酸盐转化膜、微弧氧化膜和微弧氧化增强的钼酸盐膜层,研究了膜层的电化学行为和腐蚀失重情况,利用SEM、EDS、XRD和激光共聚焦显微镜对膜层的表面形貌、元素组成、物相组成和粗糙度进行分析。结果 XRD分析表明,钼酸盐膜层经过微弧氧化处理后,所得膜层较微弧氧化膜层多出新相MoSi_2。钼酸盐转化膜层经过微弧氧化处理后,相比于微弧氧化膜层,表面变得平整光滑,孔洞微粒变小,粗糙度降低。钼酸盐转化膜经过微弧氧化处理后,在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡48 h,膜层失重最低。通过电化学测试,微弧氧化增强钼酸盐膜层的腐蚀电位较钼酸盐转化膜的腐蚀电位正移0.643 V,较微弧氧化膜的腐蚀电位正移0.419 V,腐蚀电流密度较钼酸盐转化膜降低了3个数量级,较微弧氧化膜降低了1个数量级。结论钼酸盐转化膜经过微弧氧化处理后,膜层的耐腐蚀性能优于钼酸盐转化膜和微弧氧化膜,使镁合金的应用前景有所提高。     

论建筑论文：“建筑理论的理论”之三

本文论述：１．写建筑论文的十个弊端；２．如何建构建筑论文，强调建筑论文的主题性和写作技巧、写作规范等方面。     

加强管线搬迁工程的投资控制

市政工程中,自来水、煤气、通信、电力四大管线搬迁费用,占相当的比重。为了努力将管线搬迁投资控制到一个合理的水平,介绍了事前控制(包括邀请招标、合同签订、预付款支付)、事中控制(包括注重施工方案、深入现场)和事后控制(包括合理采用定额、合理取定材料价格、准确核定工程数量)等的具体内容和方法。     

基于Web Services的楼宇自动化系统和集成技术的研究

分析了楼宇自动化工业的发展历程和目前所存在的主要问题，提出了基于XML，SOAP，WSDL和UDDI的Web Services技术是解决方案。介绍了Web Services的原理和关键技术，以及基于Web Services的楼宇自动化系统的集成技术、架构模型和实现原理。